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How do you implement JWT authentication in Laravel?

How do you implement JWT authentication in Laravel?

To implement JWT authentication in Laravel effectively, let’s expand each step with detailed explanations and examples that will provide clarity on how to achieve this. Here’s a comprehensive guide:

1. Install JWT Package

First, you need to install the JWT authentication package for Laravel. A popular choice is tymon/jwt-auth. Open your terminal and run the following command:

Example

composer require tymon/jwt-auth

Example: After installation, you should see something like:

Example

Using version ^1.0 for tymon/jwt-auth

2. Publish Configuration

Next, you need to publish the configuration file for the JWT package. This file allows you to customize the package’s settings.

Run this command:

Example

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Tymon\JWTAuth\Providers\LaravelServiceProvider"

Example: You should see a confirmation message indicating that the configuration file has been published. The configuration file will be located in config/jwt.php.

3. Generate JWT Secret

A secret key is required to sign your tokens. Generate this secret by running:

Example

php artisan jwt:secret

Example: This command will generate a secret key and add it to your .env file:

Example

JWT_SECRET=your_generated_secret_key

4. Set Up Authentication Guard

You need to configure Laravel to use JWT for authentication. Open config/auth.php and update the guards section to include JWT.

Modify it as follows:

Example

<?php
'guards' => [
    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'jwt',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],
?>

Example: Ensure that you have the users provider defined, which is typically set up as:

Example

<?php
'providers' => [
    'users' => [
        'model' => App\Models\User::class,
    ],
],
?>

5. Create Authentication Controller

Now, you’ll create a controller to handle user authentication. Start by generating a new controller:

Example

php artisan make:controller AuthController

In this controller, you’ll implement methods for user registration and login. Here’s an example of the login method that generates a JWT token:

Example

<?php
namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Tymon\JWTAuth\Facades\JWTAuth;

class AuthController extends Controller
{
    public function login(Request $request) {
        // Validate request
        $credentials = $request->only('email', 'password');

        // Attempt to verify the credentials and create a token
        if (!$token = JWTAuth::attempt($credentials)) {
            return response()->json(['error' => 'Unauthorized'], 401);
        }

        // Return the token
        return response()->json(compact('token'));
    }
}
?>

Example: In this method, if the credentials are valid, it will return a JSON response containing the JWT token. If invalid, it returns an “Unauthorized” error.

6. Protect Routes

To protect your API routes with JWT authentication, you can use middleware. First, define your routes in routes/api.php and apply the jwt.auth middleware.

Example

<?php
Route::group(['middleware' => 'jwt.auth'], function () {
    Route::get('/user', function () {
        return auth()->user();
    });
});
?>

Example: This setup ensures that only authenticated users can access the /user endpoint, returning the authenticated user’s information.

7. Testing

Finally, you need to test your implementation. Use a tool like Postman to send requests.

  1. Login Request:

    • Method: POST
    • URL: http://your-app.test/api/login
    • Body (JSON):

Example

{
    "email": "user@example.com",
    "password": "yourpassword"
}

Example Response:

Example

{
    "token": "your_jwt_token"
}
  1. Access Protected Route:
  • Method: GET
  • URL: http://your-app.test/api/user
  • Headers:

Example

Authorization: Bearer your_jwt_token

Example Response:

Example

{
    "id": 1,
    "name": "John Doe",
    "email": "user@example.com"
}

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